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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*uja face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"relation, blood relation face="Times New Roman Star"ðîäñòâåííèê, êðîâíûé ðîäñòâåííèê face="Times New Roman Star"uja (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'brother, kinsman' face="Times New Roman Star"oja 'family, kin' face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'younger sister' (Sangl. ), 'brother' (`Ali), 'blood relation' (Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'sister' face="Times New Roman Star"uja 'generation' face="Times New Roman Star"ujalas? 'by one venter' face="Times New Roman Star"ujalas 'by one venter' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, EDT 267. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"kek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"box face="Times New Roman Star"ÿùèê, ñóíäóê face="Times New Roman Star"u"kek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"gex 'stockroom' face="Times New Roman Star"u"gek 'kennel; basket' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ko"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"ka"le|k 'store, stall' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 105, VEWT 370, Ëåêñèêà 521. Derivation from *o":k- 'to heap up' (v. sub *o:/k`e\ ), see Àíèêèí 579-580 with lit., is dubious, primarily for semantic reasons. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g (*o"k) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 mother 2 sister face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìàòü 2 ñåñòðà face="Times New Roman Star"o"g (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke, o"ge (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke (R.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uka, hu"ka" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 99, ÝÑÒß 1, 519-520, Ëåêñèêà 300. face="Times New Roman Star"*Vlagr/yn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pig, swine face="Times New Roman Star"ñâèíüÿ face="Times New Roman Star"(y)lag|zyn (Orkh. - a cyclical sign), lag|zyn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 764. face="Times New Roman Star"*ul/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"slander face="Times New Roman Star"êëåâåòà face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq Tob. 'slanderer' (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"us?uluq 'suspicion' (Pav. C. ), us?aq (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"us?s?aq face="Times New Roman Star"usxax 'rumour' face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq face="Times New Roman Star"os?aq face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq 'conversation' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 517, EDT 16 (confused with uvs?ak 'small'). face="Times New Roman Star"*o"mgen face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"upper part of breast face="Times New Roman Star"âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñòü ãðóäè face="Times New Roman Star"o"mgen (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|men face="Times New Roman Star"o"mgo"k face="Times New Roman Star"Äûáî 137-138, EDT 159, ÝÑÒß 1, 537, Ëåêñèêà 271. face="Times New Roman Star"*yn-tyk (? *e-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to breathe heavily face="Times New Roman Star"òÿæåëî äûøàòü face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 'to become tired, exhausted' face="Times New Roman Star"andúx- face="Times New Roman Star"yndynnyg| 'panting, alarmed' face="Times New Roman Star"yntyq- face="Times New Roman Star"yntyg|- face="Times New Roman Star"intek- face="Times New Roman Star"Åãîðîâ 29, Ôåäîòîâ 1,49. face="Times New Roman Star"*ko":jnek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bucket, vessel face="Times New Roman Star"âåäðî, ñîñóä face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek, Osm. ko"jnu"k face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ne|k (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku.ne|k face="Times New Roman Star"ko":nek face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek face="Times New Roman Star"ko"no"k face="Times New Roman Star"xo"nek face="Times New Roman Star"ko"no"k face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ne|k face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 104-105, VEWT 290 ( > Mong. ko"nu"g, further > TM: Sol. xong/e:, Evk. ko:n|i:, see ÒÌÑ 1, 412, 478). Turk. > Russ. Siber. kunu/k, see Àíèêèí 324 face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"rgen face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild onion or garlic face="Times New Roman Star"äèêèé ëóê èëè ÷åñíîê face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vu"rgen (MK ), ko"mu"rgen (MK - Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"mu"ren face="Times New Roman Star"ko"b@rgen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"ro"n (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"girhen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgo"n face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ren face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 691, ÝÑÒß 3, 100; VEWT 285; Ëåêñèêà 124. Sometimes explained as derived from ko"bu"r- 'to foam' (see VEWT ibid.); this seems a folk etymology, but may explain the irregular -b- in some of the forms. face="Times New Roman Star"*ar/u face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"or face="Times New Roman Star"èëè face="Times New Roman Star"azu (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"azu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"azy face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 280. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kasyrku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"whirlwind face="Times New Roman Star"âèõðü face="Times New Roman Star"qasyrqu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kasyrg|a face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) qasyrqa (Houts. ), qasurg|a (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gasyrg|a face="Times New Roman Star"kozúrga face="Times New Roman Star"qazyrg|y face="Times New Roman Star"qa'syrg|y face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 240, ÝÑÒß 5, 332, Ëåêñèêà 43, Àøì. VII, 20. Chuvash has an irregular form with initial k- (*x- would be expected). But it can hardly be a borrowing from Volga-Kypchak languages. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlka face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hammer face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîòîê face="Times New Roman Star"balg|a (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"balg|a (Chag.) face="Times New Roman Star"balg|a face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 61, ÝÑÒß 2, 57-58. Turk. > Mong. balg|u, balig (KW 31). face="Times New Roman Star"*ym face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sign face="Times New Roman Star"çíàê face="Times New Roman Star"im (?ym) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"im face="Times New Roman Star"ym face="Times New Roman Star"ym (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"m face="Times New Roman Star"um face="Times New Roman Star"im face="Times New Roman Star"imne:k 'signed' face="Times New Roman Star"im face="Times New Roman Star"ym face="Times New Roman Star"ym face="Times New Roman Star"ym face="Times New Roman Star"ym face="Times New Roman Star"ym face="Times New Roman Star"jum face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 155, VEWT 171, ÝÑÒß 1, 278, 632-633, Stachowski 126. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"ju"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 quicksand 2 to sink face="Times New Roman Star"1 çûáó÷èé ïåñîê 2 òîíóòü, ïîãðóæàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"u"ju"k (MK , KB ) 1, u"ju"k- (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar. ) u"ju"k 'dregs in wine' (Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"jk 'slush' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 271, 272. face="Times New Roman Star"*ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to stiffen face="Times New Roman Star"íåìåòü, öåïåíåòü face="Times New Roman Star"ujyrqan- joqurqan- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"u>jy-, u>jys?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"u>ju>-, u>ju>s?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujvas?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 582, ÄÒÑ 608. face="Times New Roman Star"*bokak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"crop, craw face="Times New Roman Star"çîá face="Times New Roman Star"boqaq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ak face="Times New Roman Star"boqag|u (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"buqo|q face="Times New Roman Star"poqaq face="Times New Roman Star"buxaG face="Times New Roman Star"buqaw face="Times New Roman Star"pog|o face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oq face="Times New Roman Star"mog|ox face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oq face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bog|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bog|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 79, TMN 2, 349, ÝÑÒß 2, 202, Ëåêñèêà 150. face="Times New Roman Star"*ilme face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 asp-tree 2 elm-tree face="Times New Roman Star"1 îñèíà 2 èëüì, âÿç face="Times New Roman Star"elma" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|lme 2 face="Times New Roman Star"elmen 1 face="Times New Roman Star"elme 1 face="Times New Roman Star"elme 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 338, Åãîðîâ 78, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 194, Äìèòðèåâà 189, Ëåêñèêà 126. The word is attested late (like many tree names), but borrowing from Russ. èëüì is hardly possible; the Russian word, usually considered a Germanism (MHG ilme etc.), may equally well be explained as a Turkism (see Åãîðîâ ibid.). The resemblance of PT *ilme and PIE *l&mo- / *olmo- is interesting, but probably accidental (if the Turkic word indeed goes back to PA *p`i_ule). face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|er/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 slime (on dishes) 2 mildew face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàëåò, ñëèçü (íà ñòåíêàõ ïîñóäû) 2 ïëåñåíü face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|u"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ez 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|a"d| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 538. face="Times New Roman Star"*uruk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rope 2 lasso face="Times New Roman Star"1 âåðåâêà, áå÷åâà, êàíàò 2 àðêàí face="Times New Roman Star"uruq (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urg|an, urgan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"org|an (AH ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"urGan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urux 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"urg|an 2 face="Times New Roman Star"urqan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urx|an, orx|an 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 215, VEWT 516, ÝÑÒß 1, 585 (confused with *ukruk), 602-603. Some modern forms reflect a secondary derivative *urkan. face="Times New Roman Star"*ern|ek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"finger, thumb face="Times New Roman Star"ïàëåö, áîëüøîé ïàëåö face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek, dial. ernek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"irgek face="Times New Roman Star"ergek face="Times New Roman Star"erbex face="Times New Roman Star"erbek 'peg' face="Times New Roman Star"ergek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 234, ÝÑÒß 1, 299, Ëåêñèêà 253-255, Stachowski 47.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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